✅7‑9年级全覆盖|全新例句|中考高频考点
初中英语语法是承接小学、冲刺中考的核心。很多同学单词背了不少,做题依旧丢分,本质是语法体系零散。本篇把初中核心语法做系统化梳理,直击考试高频坑点。
一、代词
1.人称代词
- 主格:作主语,放在动词前面
I she will join the school club.(错误)
She will join the school club.(正确)她将要加入学校社团。
- 宾格:作宾语,放在动词、介词后面
Our teacher helps him with reading. 我们老师帮他补习阅读。
- 形容词性物主代词:后面必须接名词
This is their new classroom. 这是他们的新教室。
- 名词性物主代词:后面不加名词
The blue notebook is hers. 这本蓝色笔记本是她的。
- 反身代词:表示“某人自己”
He can finish the task himself. 他能够独立完成这项任务。
2.不定代词(中考高频)
- some:多用于肯定句;any多用于否定、疑问句
There are some posters on the wall.
Are there any posters on the wall?
- few / a few / little / a little
- few:几乎没有(修饰可数名词复数,表否定)
- a few:有一些(可数,肯定)
- little:几乎没有(不可数,否定)
- a little:有一点(不可数,肯定)
Few students know this old story. 几乎没有学生知道这个古老故事。
There is a little milk in the bottle. 瓶子里还有一点牛奶。
- both / all / neither / none
Both of the boys enjoy mountain‑climbing. 两个男孩都喜欢爬山。
二、名词
1.可数&不可数名词
- 可数:有单复数变化:potato‑potatoes;box‑boxes
There are many tomatoes in the basket. 篮子里有许多西红柿。
- 不可数:无复数,不能直接加a/an;表数量用量词
two pieces of bread 两片面包
2.名词所有格
- 单数名词 + ’s:the girl’s bag 这个女孩的书包
- 复数s结尾 + ’:the students’ hall 学生们的大厅
- 共同拥有 vs 分别拥有
Lily and Lucy’s room (两人共用一间)
Lily’s and Lucy’s rooms(各自拥有)
三、冠词 a / an / the / 零冠词
- a+辅音音素开头;an+元音音素开头
an honest boy 一个诚实的男孩;a useful tool 一个有用的工具
- the用法:特指、独一无二事物、序数词、乐器前
play the violin 拉小提琴;the sun 太阳
- 零冠词:球类、三餐、学科、节假日
play basketball;have lunch;study chemistry
❌ I eat the breakfast at seven.
✅ I eat breakfast at seven. 我七点吃早饭。
四、介词
时间介词
- in +年/月/季节/早中晚:in winter;in 2026
- on +具体日期、星期、有修饰词的早中晚:on Friday;on a cold morning
- at +时刻:at 8:40
地点介词
- in 在内部;on 在表面;under 在下方;beside 在旁边
There is a small garden beside the library. 图书馆旁边有一座小花园。
固定搭配介词
be good at 擅长;be interested in 对…感兴趣;depend on 依靠
五、形容词 & 副词及其比较等级
1.基本位置
- 形容词修饰名词,放名词前;系动词后
That sounds wonderful. 那听起来很棒。
- 副词修饰动词、形容词、其他副词,多放动词后
He speaks English clearly. 他英语说得很清晰。
2.比较级、最高级变化规则
- 一般+er / +est:tall‑taller‑tallest
- 以e结尾 +r / st:nice‑nicer‑nicest
- 重读闭音节双写尾字母:big‑bigger‑biggest
- 辅音+y,变y为i:happy‑happier‑happiest
- 多音节:more / most +原级:more popular
3.常用句型
- A + be +比较级 + than + B
This city is busier than that one. 这座城市比那座更繁华。
- one of + the +最高级 +名词复数
It is one of the most famous museums in our country.
它是我国最著名的博物馆之一。
⚠️ very修饰原级;much修饰比较级
much easier 容易得多;very beautiful 非常美丽
六、动词 & 四大基础时态+拓展时态
1.一般现在时
标志词:often, usually, always, sometimes, every…
结构:主语三单,动词+s/es;其他人称动词原形
My cousin volunteers in the community every weekend.
我的表哥每周末在社区做志愿。
2.一般过去时
标志词:yesterday, last…, …ago, in+过去年份
结构:动词过去式
They visited the science museum last month.
他们上个月参观了科学博物馆。
3.一般将来时
标志词:tomorrow, next…, in+将来时间段
结构:will+动词原形 / be going to+动词原形
We will take part in the speech competition next term.
下学期我们将要参加演讲比赛。
4.现在进行时
标志词:now, look!, listen!
结构:am / is / are + doing
Look! The birds are flying across the sky.
看!鸟儿正飞过天空。
5.现在完成时(中考重难点)
标志词:already, yet, ever, never, since, for
结构:have / has +过去分词
He has learned painting for five years.
他学习绘画已经五年了。
⚠️ for+时间段;since+时间点
6.过去进行时
结构:was / were + doing
I was reading magazines at eight last night.
昨晚八点我正在看杂志。
七、情态动词 can / may / must / should / have to
- can:能够,可以;may:可以,可能;must:必须(主观);have to:不得不(客观外界要求);should:应该
You should follow the public rules. 你应当遵守公共规则。
I have to finish my report before dark. 我必须在天黑前完成报告。
must提问否定回答用needn’t / don’t have to(不必),不用mustn’t(禁止)
—Must I hand in the paper right now?
—No, you needn’t. 不,你不必。
八、There be句型
核心规则:就近原则,be动词单复数看离它最近名词
There is a pen and three notebooks on the desk.
书桌上有一支钢笔和三本笔记本。
- 否定:There be + not
- 疑问:Be there …?
Is there any fresh water in the cup? 杯子里还有淡水吗?
⚠️ there be不和have混用
❌ There have many trees.
✅ There are many trees.
九、简单句五大基本句型
- 主语+谓语(不及物动词):The sun rises. 太阳升起。
- 主语+谓语+宾语:She collects stamps. 她收集邮票。
- 主语+系动词+表语:The leaves turn yellow. 树叶变黄。
- 主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语:He gave me a gift. 他送给我一份礼物。
- 主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语:We keep the room clean. 我们保持房间整洁。
十、复合句
1.宾语从句
三点核心:引导词、语序陈述、时态呼应
引导词:that(陈述句);if/whether(是否);特殊疑问词what/who/where等
He says that he will join us. 他说他会加入我们。
I wonder where he put the notebook. 我想知道他把笔记本放哪里了。
时态规则:
- 主句现在时,从句时态按实际;
- 主句过去时,从句用对应过去时态;客观真理永一现。
The teacher told us that light travels faster than sound.
老师告诉我们光比声音传播快。
2.状语从句
时间状语从句 when / while / before / after / until / as soon as
As soon as he arrives, he will call you. 他一到就会给你打电话。
⚠️主将从现:主句将来,从句一般现在表将来。
条件状语从句 if(如果)
If it is sunny tomorrow, we will go hiking.
如果明天天晴,我们就去远足。(主将从现)
原因状语从句 because
He stayed home because he felt tired. 他待在家,因为他感到疲惫。
3.定语从句(中考基础)
先行词是人用who / that;先行词是物用which / that
The girl who is standing there is my deskmate.
站在那里的女孩是我的同桌。
十一、非谓语动词 to do / doing / do
- to do:想要、计划、决定
want to do;plan to do;decide to do
She plans to travel during the holiday. 她计划假期去旅行。
- doing:介词后、enjoy / practice / finish / mind等动词后
He enjoys collecting postcards. 他喜欢收集明信片。
- make / let / have sb do;see sb do/doing
The funny story makes us laugh. 这个有趣的故事让我们开怀大笑。
📝初中语法综合自测题(附答案)
一、单项选择
- This new bike is ____. She bought it last week.
A. her B. hers C. she - There ___ a dictionary and four story‑books on the shelf.
A. is B. are C. be - My mother often tells me I ___ waste food.
A. shouldn’t B. mustn’t to C. don’t should - —Must I clean the hall now?
—No, you ____.
A. mustn’t B. needn’t C. can’t - He ____ for three years.
A. has studied French B. studied French C. studies French - If it ____ fine tomorrow, we will visit the museum.
A. will be B. is C. was - This is one of ____ parks in this city.
A. beautiful B. more beautiful C. the most beautiful - I enjoy ____ novels in my free time.
A. read B. reading C. to read
参考答案
1.B 2.A 3.A 4.B 5.A 6.B 7.C 8.B
原标题《初中7‑9年级全套英语语法精华|小升初衔接+中考通关》,来源公众号「大卢的英语课」。本文为语法知识点系统性整理,例句与自测题均按原文收录。